Making highways safer is the aim of the Advanced Highway Maintenance and Construction Technology Research Center at UC Davis. The center, funded by the California Department of Transportation, develops and deploys machines for dangerous jobs on busy highways, such as laying cones, sealing cracks and collecting litter.

The center's engineers last Friday showed off some of their machines to the public at an equipment show on campus.

Roadside construction zones are dangerous for both workers and drivers, experts say. During the last five years, there have been 30,000 collisions in work zones on California state highways. Those collisions have resulted in 16,000 injuries and 287 deaths, according to Caltrans figures, and 13 Caltrans employees have been killed on the job since 1995.

Nationally, more than 700 deaths a year are attributed to crashes in work zones. So using machines and robots means that Caltrans workers are not exposed to fast-moving traffic on busy roads.

"We're using high technology to improve safety for both workers and the public," said mechanical engineering professor Steven Velinsky, the center's director.

As well as building machines for California's highways, the center generates fundamental research in areas such as robotics, mechanical design, control systems and mechatronics - the integration of electronics into mechanical systems.

Commercialization of inventions is a major goal for the center, Velinsky said. Prototypes of the crack sealers, the cone shooter, debris and litter removal vehicles are undergoing field trials with Caltrans, he said. And a Los Angeles-based company, Clean Earth Environmental Group LLC, has licensed the Automated Debris Removal Vacuum (ARDVAC) for commercial development.

The "Cone Shooter" is a modified pickup truck that can lay and retrieve traffic cones at up to 10 mph. One operator can quickly cone off a lane without having to get out of the cab. In comparison, workers laying cones by hand can only carry three at a time and have to work right next to traffic. In 1994 alone, the state of California paid out more than $300,000 in injury claims related to manual cone laying.

The Cone Shooter has already garnered a Tranny Award from the California Transpor-tation Foundation, and an Excellence in Transportation Award from Caltrans.

Robots are also helping to remove roadside litter and debris, another hazardous, labor-intensive operation and one that costs the nation half a billion dollars a year. ARDVAC is a remote-controlled vacuum cleaner that can be added onto a sweeper truck. Using a joystick control in the cab, the operator can vacuum under bushes, behind guardrails and into ditches.

Larger items, such as tires, mufflers and litter bags, are dealt with by the Automated Litter Bag/Debris Collection Vehicle. It uses a robotic arm to pick up the items and then drops them in a compacting truck.

Similarly, the Longitudinal Crack Sealing Machine, currently in operational trials with Caltrans, can fill and seal cracks running along the road, for example between lanes and the shoulder. The process is remote-controlled by the driver, and the machine can fill cracks at up to five miles per hour. That compares to a manual sealing operation that would take a large crew all day to complete two miles.

Center engineers have also developed a crack sealing machine with a robot arm that can reach across a full lane and seal random cracks in the pavement.

The AHMCT has partnered with the Caltrans, the Arizona State Department of Transportation Research Center, the Univ-ersity of California Partners for Advanced Transit and Highways and the Western Transportation Institute on the RoadView project to build high-tech snowplows.

The RoadView snowplow uses sophisticated sensors and satellite technology to allow the driver to "see" the road ahead. Even in a whiteout, RoadView can stay on mountain roads and detect and avoid hidden obstacles, such as cars buried in drifts. The snowplow is in its third year of testing in California and Arizona.

AHMCT and PATH are also working with Caltrans and the Nevada Department of Transportation to develop a snowblower with similar technology.

The center staff includes two UC Davis faculty, Velinsky and mechanical engineering professor Bahram Ravani, five full-time engineers, four technical staff, and 20 graduate students. Major funding for the center comes in a $1.5 million annual grant from Caltrans.